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It is a well-known fact that it takes a lot of things to ensure that a country’s system runs successfully. And, when we talk about such essential services, law and order are one of them. How do you think a state ensures the safety, security, and justice of the citizens of a country? Of course, it’s by having an effective legal system. Similarly, in India, law and order play a significant role in making it a prosperous country. But do you know that there are numerous types of law in the Indian Legal system? Yes, you heard it right! So, do you want to know about the categories into which Indian laws can be divided? If yes, read on!
Every Indian citizen is granted several rights under the country’s constitution, and because these rights are given, they may also be violated. To civilize society and preserve peace and tranquillity among people, our government has passed some laws to enforce and safeguard these rights.
As we are talking about laws, let us first understand what they actually are. Simply put, the law is a hazy set of guidelines that control individual and collective behavior.
It’s a fact that many of these laws are unknown to us, or we only have a general understanding of them. Of course, yes! But, even after that, we know that laws do exist. For instance, you don’t need to see a written statute to understand that stealing or damaging someone else’s property is illegal.
To put it another way, the law is a set of regulations made and applied by a social or political entity to control behavior. It is something that prevents and guarantees that people or the community follow the state’s agenda.
We hope that you have a clear understanding of what we actually mean by the law. Now, let us look at the different types of law in the Indian legal system. You must remember that there are 4 types of law in the Indian legal system.
Always remember that the police are in charge of enforcing criminal law. Criminal law governs cases involving homicide, rape, violence, and robbery. Crimes committed against one person are perceived as crimes against all people, even when they are not covered by criminal law.
For instance, if a home is burglarized, the robbery is against the person, but it also threatens all homeowners because they could also have had their homes stolen. Because it is believed that everyone is at risk from crime, public services, rather than private detectives, are responsible for enforcing this rule.
Keep in mind that civil law is the body of law that examines non-criminal behavior. It is a branch of law that deals with disagreements between businesses and people. Defamation, custody battles, divorce, property conflicts, ownership concerns, etc., are only a few of the diverse topics it covers.
For instance, when someone unlawfully enters another person’s property without that person’s consent and refuses to leave, it comes under civil law. Or, when one firm files a lawsuit against another over a business dispute, it’s also a case under civil law.
Have you ever heard of common law? Well, it is a body of law obtained from the judicial rulings of courts and other equivalent tribunals. You can call it case law and judicial precedent as well.
You need to keep in mind that common law is considered universal. Wondering how? Well, cases heard in lower courts must follow the model set by higher courts. Although lower courts can reject the decision, this rarely happens.
A statute, also known as a statutory law, is the rule of law created by a legislative act approved by the executive or legislative branch. You must remember that actions are approved by the state legislature and approved by the governor to become state law.
All in all, we can say that the different types of law in the Indian legal system are what ensure a strong law and order in the country. Each type of law sets some rules so that people and organizations in our country function correctly.
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